Mandatory Reporting Is a Legal Requirement Essay Example

Obligatory Reporting Is a Legal Requirement Essay Obligatory revealing is a legitimate prerequisite, in state resolution or guideline, for medical attendants to report an event or individual, including another medical caretaker, when people in general is in danger. Obligatory detailing is established when the enthusiasm of open security requires state-implemented guideline. This article offers direction to assist medical attendants with bettering comprehend their jobs and obligations in obligatory revealing. What Is Mandatory to Report? Notwithstanding announcing of medical caretakers by different attendants, states look to secure in danger people by requiring wellbeing experts to uncover doubts about practices, for example, misuse and disregard. There is a wide scope of understanding from state to state with regards to how defenseless circumstances are distinguished, which states order announcing, and who is required to report. All states require announcing of youngster misuse, for instance, yet just a couple of states require detailing of abusive behavior at home against a man or lady who isn't delegated a kid or senior. Compulsory Reporting Law in Your State The insights about required detailing of medical caretakers can be found through the authorizing board for attendants in your state. A connect to all sheets of nursing can be gotten to through the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). A note: a few medical attendants are authorized under a wellbeing commission, division of wellbeing, or other sort of umbrella office, which is additionally recorded on the NCSBN Website. Connections and telephone numbers for announcing youngster misuse can be found through the Child Welfare Information Gateway supported by the U. S. Branch of Health and Human Services. Their state-by-state list is refreshed consistently. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mandatory Reporting Is a Legal Requirement explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Mandatory Reporting Is a Legal Requirement explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Mandatory Reporting Is a Legal Requirement explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer State-explicit subtleties for revealing senior maltreatment are accessible at the U. S. Organization on Agings National Center on Elder Abuse Website. Youngster misuse. The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) was passed in 1974. This government law characterizes the boundaries under which state law must give guidelines commanding youngster misuse announcing by experts. A few states, for example, New York, have reacted by ordering coursework in identifying and revealing youngster maltreatment for all wellbeing experts as a major aspect of authorizing prerequisites. As indicated by CAPTA, youngster misuse/disregard is characterized as follows: Any ongoing demonstration or inability to follow up on the piece of a parent or overseer, which brings about death, genuine physical or enthusiastic mischief, sexual maltreatment, or abuse, or a demonstration or inability to act which presents a fast approaching danger of genuine damage. To conform to government law, all states have some type of guideline that requires wellbeing experts to report youngster misuse/disregard to the suitable office. Senior maltreatment. Senior maltreatment is an umbrella term that includes physical, sexual, enthusiastic, or money related maltreatment of an older, slight person. All states have announcing laws for wellbeing experts who experience senior maltreatment, disregard, or self-neglect,â but revealing isn't ordered by each state. Colorado law, for instance firmly encourages and proposes that a report ought to be made however doesn't order such a report. In any event, when revealing is ordered, wellbeing experts rarely report maltreatment of a senior. Doctors regularly neglect to report misuse due to worries about clash and loss of trust in the patient-supplier relationship. Doctors have likewise voiced worries about negligence and individual risk if a report of misuse ends up being ungrounded. Abusive behavior at home. State law shifts generally with respect to the obligation of wellbeing experts to report household or relational viciousness. Two states, Kentucky and California, order that human services experts report abusive behavior at home wounds to police, regardless of whether the patient agrees to the report. This has produced numerous examinations investigating the effect of ordered writing about overcomers of physical or residential maltreatment. In one examination, survivors overwhelmingly declared that revealing ought not be required until various changes are made in the framework to advance casualties wellbeing. Different Types of Mandatory Reporting by Health Professionals notwithstanding the above models, state law may expect medical attendants to report wounds coming about because of a weapon, high blood liquor levels, weakened driving, transferable ailment, and dangers to hurt self or others. There is additionally a pattern toward requiring medicinal services experts to report blunders. The government Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act of 2005 sets up a system in which human services suppliers report clinical mistakes to a confirmed patient security association, which investigates the total information and proposes measures to kill clinical blunders. A few states have instituted necessities that associations report genuine unfriendly occasions, for example, wrong-site medical procedures and prescription mistakes bringing about death or incapacity. On the off chance that an association is required to report such occasions, at that point people who practice at the association will no uncertainty be required to report these occurrences too. Albeit a thorough conversation of all required announcing law is past the extent of this article, it is suggested that medical caretakers place more accentuation on detailing commitments in their underlying or proceeding with training. Administrators,â educators, and controllers should likewise turn out to be progressively educated about compulsory revealing by attendants. [pic]

Challenging Use of Internet in Business-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What Potential Benefits may Social Networking Websites offer to Small-Scale Businesses? 2.How is Cloud Computing prone to influence Work Practices and Productivity and Uncertainty? Answers: 1.Beneficial Effects of Social Media in SMEs Cestyakara Surendro (2014) examined about the selection of internet based life reception in SMEs (Small and medium ventures) and determinant elements of this appropriation. In this article, online life has been characterized as the gathering of Internet-put together applications that work with respect to the ideological and mechanical establishments of Web 2.0, and that permit the creation and trade of client produced content. A few advantages have been proposed by the creators, which can be recorded as: Systems administration helps in making associations with a few different organizations and expands brand presentation. In return of advancing others item or business, own items advancement can be asked (Cox, 2012). Commitment of others in the limited time exercises for own item or business will help in emerging the private venture and become progressively obvious to bunches of new shoppers. In business, it has been considered that to be center in relationship when contrasted with the business builds the benefit and the deals. Internet based life organizing sites gives independent company a chance to include their crowd on a few distinct levels, including individual. For private companies, it is critical to concentrate on the relationship with clients. Web-based social networking can give a stage to the proprietor of business to show their enthusiasm on the clients by answering to the inputs or inquiries being posed at any post refreshed by intrigued clients (Hays, Page Buhalis, 2013). Another gainful part of web based life is that posts like pictures and recordings accumulate more consideration of the clients than posting writings and posting fascinating substance can help in drawing in more clients. This will build the quantity of association of clients toward that item or the business. Increment in the site dealing is another advantageous part of utilizing web-based social networking in SMEs as greater association of adherents on the site expands the inquiry positioning capacity of the business on the web. Greater commitment on the web based life record can lead towards more clients and more adherents. For SMEs and independent venture advancing their image and making mindfulness among the client session the administrations and the offered items turns out to be profoundly financially savvy on this stage. Almost certainly, this medium will eat additional time than some other special medium yet will give a major group, whom an individual can talk about, the data about the association and results of the association. Online networking suggestion in private companies helps in creating client assistance relations, which in bring about dependability to the association by the clients. Online networking gives a stage where clients can interface with the proprietor legitimately (Calefato, Lanubile Novielli, 2013). The moment trade of data between the client and the association should be possible proficiently on this stage. All inquiries ought to be replied on the blog so as to make extremely steadfast clients. Indeed, even disappointed client can again recapture certainty, unwaveringness and trust to the association if there is appropriate listening reaction from the side of the organization to tune in about their inquiries and troubles about any item. 2.Cloud Computing and Work Practices Gas, Meth Maedche (2014) shows their enthusiasm on the distributed computing execution to the hierarchical framework and their reaction on the work rehearses. The creators examined about the Platform as a Service (PaaS) suggestion in the association and talk about the adjustments in the conventional work practices to current and increasingly inventive strategies. PaaS can be expressed as a part for the distributed computing, as it gives stage to the applications that are being presented for the operational exercises of the association. In this paper, this was expressed as beneficial programming as it gives the clients distributed storage to the operational exercises that are being kept up in the framework or various applications. In fact, PaaS is utilized to figure out which kind of utilizations are required for the association and prescribe that product to be executed in the frameworks (Patidar, rane Jain, 2012). Through this representative can access to the required data anyplace b y interfacing with the web. This new and creative ramifications has killed the conventional method of tasks as these days everything is being finished utilizing the PCs and being saved money on the mists. Distributed computing and Productivity Teh et al. (2016) shows their anxiety on the between connection between the distributed computing and the efficiency of the association. In this writing audit different discoveries have been done, in light of which writers portrayed that distributed computing can upgrade the presentation of the association by expanding the benefit. Distributed computing gives a major stockpiling and effectively open to the documents that are being saved money on those capacity, which can assist a worker with being ready to work at wherever even while leaving station or heading out to different workplaces. Distributed computing helps in doing huge figurings in some time and is viable and productive programming in the matter of exactness. Creators have additionally talked about the poor dealing with information results on the efficiency of an association. Poor dealing with information about the distributed computing can lead the organization to greater misfortune might be which can't be recaptured once more, for this they have prescribed to execute better and increasingly compelling approaches on the utilization of distributed computing. Distributed computing and Uncertainties By and large, application that depend on internet providers or cloud administrations are called as On-Demand Service based programming. Vulnerabilities can be happened to the association by actualizing distributed computing on the association and by doing every operational movement dependent on the web (Peng Huang, 2017). Since the information that are being done on the applications that depend on Cloud Storage like SaaS, IaaS and PaaS store those information in the cloud, which makes it powerless in way to be taken or controlled. These days information break cases and digital wrongdoing are expanding as the innovation is expanding. Those information can be penetrated by unapproved clients which can make genuine misfortune the association and even lead the organization towards conclusion. Appropriate encryption and legitimate tokenization by specific innovations are the better choices to keep those information more secure. References: Calefato, F., Lanubile, F., Novielli, N. (2013, September). A primer examination of the impact of online life on full of feeling trust in client provider connections. In Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), 2013 Humaine Association Conference on (pp. 25-30). IEEE. Cestyakara, A., Surendro, K. (2014, September). Bandung towards Smart CityA concentrate in SMEs for internet based life reception and determinant factors. In Information, Communication Technology and System (ICTS), 2014 International Conference on (pp. 171-176). IEEE. Cox, S. L. (2012). Web based life promoting in a private venture: A contextual analysis (Doctoral exposition, Purdue University). Gass, O., Meth, H., Maedche, A. (2014). PaaS attributes for gainful programming improvement: an assessment system. IEEE Internet Computing, 18(1), 56-64. Roughages, S., Page, S. J., Buhalis, D. (2013). Online life as a goal promoting instrument: its utilization by national the travel industry associations. Current issues in Tourism, 16(3), 211-239. Patidar, S., Rane, D., Jain, P. (2012, January). An overview paper on distributed computing. In Advanced Computing Communication Technologies (ACCT), 2012 Second International Conference on (pp. 394-398). IEEE. Peng, K. L., Huang, C. Y. (2017). Dependability Analysis of On-Demand Service-Based Software Systems Considering Failure Dependencies. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, 10(3), 423-435. Teh, S.K., Ho, S.B., Chan, G.Y. also, Tan, C.H., 2016, May. A system for distributed computing use to upgrade work efficiency. In Computer Applications Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 2016 IEEE Symposium on (pp. 73-78). IEEE.

The Productivity Hacks of 5 Female Founders - Focus

The Productivity Hacks of 5 Female Founders - Focus Finding an effective work/life balance is a challenge that every successful founder will face. To celebrate this years International Womens Day, we heard from five female founders about how they manage their businesses, personal lives, and often their families, via their favorite time-saving productivity hacks. A Growing Number of Female Founders Every year, International Women’s Day presents a global celebration of the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. This years IWD serves as a call to action to accelerate gender parity and its theme, #pressforprogress, aims to be a catalyst for speeding up the ongoing, progressive change, in the direction of gender equality. Over the years, we’ve seen some good progress in the economic advancement of women. According to the  2017 State of Women-Owned Business Report, published by American Express, there are now over 11 million women-owned businesses in the U.S., with the number growing at a rate of 114% over a twenty year period. These cutting-edge companies range from tech  start-ups to health care services and creative businesses, and employ nearly 9 million, generating $1.7 trillion in revenue. With so many women at the forefront of innovative businesses, one may wonder how they manage to balance business and home life, all while caring for themselves and often their families too. Heres what five female founders shared with us:   1. Avoid Multitasking with Blocked Out Hours When juggling multiple commitments, it’s important that you’re able to manage your time well, identifying strategic priorities and dedicating blocked out time to focus on addressing those key aims. Although the old saying goes that women are natural multitaskers, in reality, only 2.5% of people are able to multitask effectively. For the rest of us, Stanford University found that attempting to multitask can inhibit the ability to recognize what’s important, meaning we’re distracted by menial tasks and end up unproductive. In order to stay focused, try blocking out time for your most important tasks, minimizing distractions during those blocked out periods. Sevetri M. Wilson, the CEO of her own firm developing award-winning philanthropy programs from the ground-up, shared how she stays productive: “Time blocking is vital! If you want to be productive, don’t let people interrupt you for minor things.” She continues, “Our first reaction, especially as women, is to help others first, but self-care starts with you. Take care of yourself and your own priorities and it will be much more satisfying and less overwhelming to help others.” 2. Clearly Define Work Time and Home Time Studies have found that an inability to tune out from work can not only lead to a decrease in productivity but can be detrimental to our emotional well-being, in some cases leading to sleep-related problems, anxiety, depression and more. To make a clear distinction between working life and personal commitments, digital marketing consultant, profit acquisition expert, and new mom, Natalie Gouche, shares how she organizes her time to stay productive, while placing a priority on her personal time: “I only book client sessions and calls in certain hours and I make sure to not go past these working hours, so that my work doesnt leak into my downtime. I also try to schedule a few days in the week where I dont have any work on my books at all.” You might also enjoy reading: How to Achieve A Good Work/Life Balance Discover productive task managementSave time with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started 3. Use Your Breaks to Keep Active A study from the University of Bristol found that employees who are able to exercise during their lunch break are more productive, happy, efficient and calm. Participants reported that following their lunchtime activity, they felt their concentration and problem-solving abilities had improved, and they overall felt calmer and more productive. In order to remain efficient into the afternoon hours, Business Marketing Architect, Lisa Manyon of  Write On Creative makes exercise and learning a priority. “Since I spend a lot of time at the computer, I try to walk at least half an hour each day. When it comes to finding time to exercise, even a short, brisk walk is better than not moving. I often leverage my exercise time and learn on the go by listening to industry podcasts.” Marketing consultant, Natalie Gouche, takes a similar approach: “I find taking a walk in the middle of the day helps me decompress, returning to my afternoon tasks more focused and productive.” 4. Learn to Delegate Effectively Being a great leader doesn’t mean you need to do everything yourself. It means hiring the right staff and perfecting the ability to identify who is best suited to tackle a task or project, then empowering them to do so. To delegate effectively, there are a few key steps you can take, such as making it clear why you’re delegating, then providing sufficient instructions and training to enable your team member to do so. However, even before this point, Cat Lincoln, Founder and CEO of content marketing service  Clever, explains that effective delegation begins at recruitment and “Hiring smart people.” 5. Set Smart, Achievable Goals You’ve probably heard of the SMART principle  as a means of judging whether your goals will be effective. The principle requires goals to be: S Specific, meaning the aim is focused and unambiguous M Measurable, meaning someone can determine whether it’s been achieved A Action-oriented, meaning a specific action will have been taken R Realistic, meaning the difficulty level and the timeframe you’ve predicted are attainable T Time-bound, meaning a deadline has been specified. When it comes to reducing overwhelm and making her goals SMART, startup consultant and marketing mentor Tisha Marie Pelletier  keeps her task list simple and achievable. “I start by setting realistic deadlines and only putting three main things on my to-do list each day,” Tisha shared. By doing so, she can add in a walk, hit the gym, read and spend time with her family, and still get her professional priorities seen to. These female founders exemplify how advancing women’s economic power as high-producing entrepreneurs can be possible while still leaving time for themselves and their own wellbeing.   By employing time management, self-care, active breaks, effective delegation, and realistic planning, women can do-it-all and be happy doing it. In this way, female founders can too #pressforprogress. Discover task managementGet productive with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started The Productivity Hacks of 5 Female Founders - Focus Finding an effective work/life balance is a challenge that every successful founder will face. To celebrate this years International Womens Day, we heard from five female founders about how they manage their businesses, personal lives, and often their families, via their favorite time-saving productivity hacks. A Growing Number of Female Founders Every year, International Women’s Day presents a global celebration of the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. This years IWD serves as a call to action to accelerate gender parity and its theme, #pressforprogress, aims to be a catalyst for speeding up the ongoing, progressive change, in the direction of gender equality. Over the years, we’ve seen some good progress in the economic advancement of women. According to the  2017 State of Women-Owned Business Report, published by American Express, there are now over 11 million women-owned businesses in the U.S., with the number growing at a rate of 114% over a twenty year period. These cutting-edge companies range from tech  start-ups to health care services and creative businesses, and employ nearly 9 million, generating $1.7 trillion in revenue. With so many women at the forefront of innovative businesses, one may wonder how they manage to balance business and home life, all while caring for themselves and often their families too. Heres what five female founders shared with us:   1. Avoid Multitasking with Blocked Out Hours When juggling multiple commitments, it’s important that you’re able to manage your time well, identifying strategic priorities and dedicating blocked out time to focus on addressing those key aims. Although the old saying goes that women are natural multitaskers, in reality, only 2.5% of people are able to multitask effectively. For the rest of us, Stanford University found that attempting to multitask can inhibit the ability to recognize what’s important, meaning we’re distracted by menial tasks and end up unproductive. In order to stay focused, try blocking out time for your most important tasks, minimizing distractions during those blocked out periods. Sevetri M. Wilson, the CEO of her own firm developing award-winning philanthropy programs from the ground-up, shared how she stays productive: “Time blocking is vital! If you want to be productive, don’t let people interrupt you for minor things.” She continues, “Our first reaction, especially as women, is to help others first, but self-care starts with you. Take care of yourself and your own priorities and it will be much more satisfying and less overwhelming to help others.” 2. Clearly Define Work Time and Home Time Studies have found that an inability to tune out from work can not only lead to a decrease in productivity but can be detrimental to our emotional well-being, in some cases leading to sleep-related problems, anxiety, depression and more. To make a clear distinction between working life and personal commitments, digital marketing consultant, profit acquisition expert, and new mom, Natalie Gouche, shares how she organizes her time to stay productive, while placing a priority on her personal time: “I only book client sessions and calls in certain hours and I make sure to not go past these working hours, so that my work doesnt leak into my downtime. I also try to schedule a few days in the week where I dont have any work on my books at all.” You might also enjoy reading: How to Achieve A Good Work/Life Balance Discover productive task managementSave time with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started 3. Use Your Breaks to Keep Active A study from the University of Bristol found that employees who are able to exercise during their lunch break are more productive, happy, efficient and calm. Participants reported that following their lunchtime activity, they felt their concentration and problem-solving abilities had improved, and they overall felt calmer and more productive. In order to remain efficient into the afternoon hours, Business Marketing Architect, Lisa Manyon of  Write On Creative makes exercise and learning a priority. “Since I spend a lot of time at the computer, I try to walk at least half an hour each day. When it comes to finding time to exercise, even a short, brisk walk is better than not moving. I often leverage my exercise time and learn on the go by listening to industry podcasts.” Marketing consultant, Natalie Gouche, takes a similar approach: “I find taking a walk in the middle of the day helps me decompress, returning to my afternoon tasks more focused and productive.” 4. Learn to Delegate Effectively Being a great leader doesn’t mean you need to do everything yourself. It means hiring the right staff and perfecting the ability to identify who is best suited to tackle a task or project, then empowering them to do so. To delegate effectively, there are a few key steps you can take, such as making it clear why you’re delegating, then providing sufficient instructions and training to enable your team member to do so. However, even before this point, Cat Lincoln, Founder and CEO of content marketing service  Clever, explains that effective delegation begins at recruitment and “Hiring smart people.” 5. Set Smart, Achievable Goals You’ve probably heard of the SMART principle  as a means of judging whether your goals will be effective. The principle requires goals to be: S Specific, meaning the aim is focused and unambiguous M Measurable, meaning someone can determine whether it’s been achieved A Action-oriented, meaning a specific action will have been taken R Realistic, meaning the difficulty level and the timeframe you’ve predicted are attainable T Time-bound, meaning a deadline has been specified. When it comes to reducing overwhelm and making her goals SMART, startup consultant and marketing mentor Tisha Marie Pelletier  keeps her task list simple and achievable. “I start by setting realistic deadlines and only putting three main things on my to-do list each day,” Tisha shared. By doing so, she can add in a walk, hit the gym, read and spend time with her family, and still get her professional priorities seen to. These female founders exemplify how advancing women’s economic power as high-producing entrepreneurs can be possible while still leaving time for themselves and their own wellbeing.   By employing time management, self-care, active breaks, effective delegation, and realistic planning, women can do-it-all and be happy doing it. In this way, female founders can too #pressforprogress. Discover task managementGet productive with MeisterTask Get Started Its free! Get Started

The History of Dance - 9217 Words

Dance, movements orchestrated with music, to express the way you feel. The first forms of dance came around in 6000 B.C, originating from India. The Hindu dance Gods Krishnu Shiva is the most common God portrayed through dance, especially found in Bharata Natyam and Nyark Sharky, also known as Belly Dance. In Southeast India, it is normal as a young female to learn the ways of Bharata Natyam. Bharata Natyam is widely known for its sculpturesque poses and art of story telling, mostly performed only by females, but as time progressed it is accepted by both sexes. The dances illustrate a deep devotion to the deities; dancers are married to the deity. Devadasi also known as temple dancers usually illustrated their devotion to the Gods the†¦show more content†¦Bailatino - a mix of Latin dances with no need for a partner. Baion - A type of slow Samba rhythm from Brazil that became popular in North America during the 50s. balance - A step that rocks from one foot to the other, usually in 3/4 time. balance - (ballroom) ability of the dancer to maintain an upright and controlled position of the body whether in movement or still. Balboa - a form of Swing popularized during the 50s in California. ballerina - female dancer. Prima ballerina, or first dancer, is usually used for one who dances leading roles. ballet - classical theatrical dancing based on the danse decole, the rules and vocabulary that were codified around 1700 in France. ballet blanc - A ballet in which the women wear white tutus, such as the second and fourth acts of Swan Lake. ballet daction - a ballet with a plot, usually tragic. ballet de cour, le (court ballet) - spectacles for entertainment, usually with allegorical or mythological themes, performed by the aristocracy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, combining music, recitatives, and mime. ballo - standard Italian dances and their music of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. ballon - the ability of a dancer to remain suspended in air during a jump; elasticity in jumping. ballroom dances - social dances usually performed by couples, including the fox-trot, waltz, tango, rumba, swing, mambo, samba, and cha cha. bambuca - the national dance of Colombia, South America. barrida - aShow MoreRelatedHistory of Dance801 Words   |  3 PagesStudent Network Resources, Inc. A History of Dance The cultivation of dance in black communities across the United States over the decades reflects the varied styles, influences and expressions utilized by this art form. Dance Black America is a documentary that chronicles the exploration of dance through a festival hosted by the State University of New York and the Brooklyn Academy of Music. The film delves into the history, nature, and portrayal of dance, while simultaneously acknowledgingRead MoreThe History and Evoluition of Dance1221 Words   |  5 PagesModern dance was created as a rebellion against the prevalent dance forms of the time, ballet and Vaudeville. It is a form of theatrical dance, known for its continual fusion of non-western style and ideas, which allows for a fresh source of movement inspiration. 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How does dance influence what you do on a day to day basis, how has it shaped who you’ve come to be. I see dance today as both an art form, and something used socially to draw people together usually for celebratory purposes. Living in New York gives you the opportunity to come across various forms of dance. You could be taking the train and encounterRead MoreI Have Been Dancing For 11 Years877 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing in a little dance class to competing all around Iowa and Illinois. However, I never thought about the history of dance before. This hidden history project is the perfect time to learn the history behind something I am passionate about. I am going to bring the history of dance to the light. To make sense of the history of dance we must look at what it means to us in our everyday lives and how it has impacted us. All it takes is one idea to start something amazing. The idea of dance when it firstRead MoreA Study On Evolution Of Dance1399 Words   |  6 PagesHonors- Final Paper Dr. O’Leary Evolution Of Dance â€Å"People dance because dance can change things. One move can bring people together. One move can make you believe like there’s something more. One move can set a whole generation free.†- Adam Sevani Over the generations, the style and interpretation of dance has changed tremendously. Dance is greatly influenced by societal or cultural issues or advancement. Choreographers express their feelings through dance just as a painter would express his/her feelings

Crime, Deviance, And Deviance - 899 Words

Why are we as a people so drawn to crime and deviance in the news? What is it about human nature that has a secret sense of interest or even some excitement when we turn on the television and see something major going on like a high speed chase or the like? Interestingly, the closer it happens to be to where we are, the more interested we become as opposed to something happening out of state, or further off in another country. The point here is not to defend or glamorize crime and deviance, but to point out that something in human nature keeps us hooked, possibly because it goes against our social norms, and the media plays a huge role in providing both coverage and perspective on these matters. Further, when a celebrity or a sort of pop icon is in the spotlight of crime and deviance, it becomes huge, and we watch as if we were watching a reality television show. This can also take a small time or mediocre celebrity and make them an even bigger, more household name due to both our pa rticipation and that of the media. To understand both why this is, let us take a look at what is called the wedding cake model in the criminal justice system as described by Samuel Walker (â€Å"The Wedding Cake Model Theory Of Criminal Justice†, n.d.). After studying the criminal justice system and its processes, he layered his findings into a four-tiered model, which resembled the layers of a wedding cake. The cases were treated differently depending on the tier they fell into on his cake modelShow MoreRelatedCrime, Deviance, And Deviance3445 Words   |  14 PagesCrime and Deviance This report will begin by making a distinction between the concepts of crime and deviance, accompanied by the concept that crime is a social construct. Then this report will evaluate some theoretical approaches to how and why crime exists. 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Dove Advertising and Body Odor Free Essays

When considering the product Dove it is a deodorant which gives extra protection for people who have body odor and it helps when a person needs it to protect from getting body odor, therefore Dove deodorant won’t make the move, the tag line that Unilever use for Dove will be used by unity Consultant to promote the product by using a new promotional campaign. Basically Dove has wide range of antiperspirant deodorants to protect people from getting body odor and it gives 24 hours protection, further, it gives physically freshness and mentally confident, even in the toughest moments. . We will write a custom essay sample on Dove: Advertising and Body Odor or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Target Market The promotional campaigns of Dove was mainly focused on it’s primary consumers who were young adult females involved in sports, and of course the working population of women and not-working women 16-45 who want to stay fresh and have an active life style and have the confidence to spend the rest of the day without having to worry about body odor. . 4. 2 Communication Objectives †¢Increase Dove brands market share by 10% within one year. Create awareness among the target group within one year to 30%. †¢Create positive feelings about the brand among 30% and preference among 15% of the target audience. †¢Communicate key benefits of the Dove deodorant that appeal to the target market. (www. uniliversrilanka. lk) 4. 3 Campaign Idea †¢ Increase brand awareness. †¢ Build brand image. †¢ Increase customer traffic. †¢ Increase inquiries from end users. †¢ Provide information Increasing consumption of an established brand They fol lowed IMC tools as follows, 4. 4 Advertising The main objective in advertising this was to create awareness and provide information about Dove and to make Dove the best product in the deodorant industry. Every major medium had been used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, magazines, newspapers, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. How to cite Dove: Advertising and Body Odor, Essay examples

Direct Marketing Worldwide

Questions: 1. What are the main factors which determine whether an individual uses extended problem-solving or limited problem-solving? 2. What is the difference between direct marketing and junk mail and what have been the key drivers of the worldwide growth of direct marketing? Answers: 1. Main factors that determine behaviour of a consumer at the time of purchasing The decision making process is very important to every seller. The decision making process of a consumer can be defined by the process that the consumer undergoes while making any purchase of a product or service. This decision making process depends on various factors especially upon their past, current and future life situations. These factors influence what product or service the consumer will buy and in what amount. Therefore, it is very important for a seller to understand this decision making process of the consumers while making the product or service. Otherwise, it is impossible to satisfy the consumers requirement accurately. The decision making process of a consumer comprises of five steps viz. i) recognition of a product or service ,ii) information search about the product or service, iii)looking for and the evaluation of the perfectly substitute product, iv) purchase of the product, v) post-purchase analysis of the product(feedback about the product or service) (2012books .lardbucket.org, 2015). The decision making process or the buying behaviour of the consumer can be classified into different parts. These are 1) extended problem solving behaviour, 2) limited problem solving behaviour and 3) habitual problem solving behaviour. Among these three types behaviours, the first two behaviours are very important. In the following paragraph, the influencing factors behind these two behaviours will be discussed (Basic Reasons for the Growth of Direct Marketing, 2015). Extended problem solving behaviour: The situation of the problem solving behaviour arises when the consumer does not know anything about a product or service. The class, brand, main features of the product or service are not known to the potential customers and due to this unawareness, the consumer cannot be able to evaluate the product or the service. To know about this information, the consumers have to depend on the seller of the product. Limited problem solving behaviour: The situation of the limited problem solving behaviour occurs when the consumer knows the class of the product or service he /she wants to buy and also the major brands of the product or service and their attributes and features. But the consumer is not aware of some brand of the same product. This unawareness creates a lot of confusion in the consumers mind at the time of purchasing. In this situation, the purchase decision of the consumer solely depends on the information provided by the seller of the unfamiliar brand. This information in turn helps the consumer to make a comparison and evaluation between the known and unknown brands of the product or service (Belch and Belch, 2009). In case of extended problem solving behaviour (EPS), the consumer tries to gather as much as possible information about the product or service they want to purchase. In this situation, the decision of the consumer involves a high degree of risk. However, in limited problem solving (LPS) consumers have some idea before and, therefore, have to compare between little alternatives. Hence, this decision making process involves low risk. The factors that are affecting the buying decision making process are advertisement published, the physical situation of the consumer, the social situation, time situation, the reason behind the purchasing and the current mood of the consumer (Belch and Belch, 2009). The advertisement helps the consumer to know about different brands of a particular product and their respective features. The interior design, the location, the atmosphere of a store, the presence of customer care executives in store some time influences the consumers buying process. Also cro wding in a store is another significant situational factor that may define the buying process. The current social status and perceived future status of the consumer influences the consumer in making their purchase decision. The time of the shopping may affect the consumer either positively or negatively. The reasons behind the purchase i.e. whether the consumer has urgent need of the products or not also determines the decision making process and lastly the mood of the consumer while purchasing affects the consumers decision. Reference 1: 2012books.lardbucket.org, (2015).Consumer Behavior: How People Make Buying Decisions. [online] Available at: https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/marketing-principles-v1.0/s06-consumer-behavior-how-people-m.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. HubPages, (2015).Principles of Marketing - Buyer Behavior. [online] Available at: https://hubpages.com/hub/Principles-of-Marketing-Part-2-Buyer-Behavior [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. Study.com, (2015).Understanding the Consumer Decision-Making Process: A Marketing Must - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/understanding-the-consumer-decision-making-process-a-marketing-must.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library, (2013).5 Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour | Explained. [online] Available at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/products/5-factors-influencing-consumer-behaviour-explained/22163/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. 2. Digital marketing is now viewed as a more effective marketing strategy to make the potential customer aware of a product of a company irrespective of the current location of the consumer and also at low cost. The digital marketing can be done either using the direct mail or using the junk mail. There is a clear difference between direct mail and junk mail. The latter mail is sent to the entire potential customer irrespective of their interest in the product mentioned in the email. However, the direct mail is those mail which is sent to only those consumers who are actually interested in the product and its all the relevant information like price, features, etc. This difference between these two types emails should be understood by the producer so that they can reach their targeted customer accurately (Hackley, 2010). Direct marketing through direct mailing enables both the customer and the producers to do one-to one communication and the producer can get an accurate response about its product that is not possible through junk mail. The consumer also on the other side can be able to place the entire query regarding the product or service. The main difference between the direct mail and the spam mail is the last one is sent to the automatically selected potential customers from some database. The sending of junk mail to the potential customer does not require any permission from them. However, the direct mail is sent to only customized consumers who are actually interested in the purchase of the product. In the promotion of a new product or in marketing campaigning, both mails are useful but the effectiveness of direct mail is much higher than the junk mails (HubPages, 2015). The key drivers of the worldwide growth of direct marketing Direct marketing can be defined as an interactive marketing system that uses different advertising medium to influence and also get responses from both the potential and actual customers. This direct marketing enables both the economic agents i.e. customers and producers to make an effective communication. This direct marketing helps the producers to deliver the information and the offer of the product. On the other hand, the consumers are also able to make a query regarding the product to the consumers directly through the direct marketing. The direct marketing can be done in various ways such as direct mail, campaigning programme in some departmental store, marketing programme in different television and radio channel, telephone calls. Among these various ways, the most effective means is direct mail. This direct mail helps the producers to reach the customers irrespective of their location. The cost of this type of market expanding strategy is very low and easy to access and contr ol. The direct marketing is growing tremendously than the traditional marketing over time. The key drivers of this tremendous growth in the worldwide direct marketing are increasing the growth of electronic media. Now media can significantly influence the customer to purchase any products. The other causes are increasing use of computer and electronic database. This electronic database enables the producers to store a large amount of customer information and use them within a second. The third driver is continuous improvement in the communication technology. This improvement helps the both party to make conversation if they require any time. The fourth factor is a continuous change in a type of the marketplace (Schultz and Kitchen, 2000). Lifestyle change and demographic change are other important factors of the growth in direct marketing. Economic development and the increasing international competition due to the globalization are also responsible for the worldwide growth of the d irect marketing. References 2: Basic Reasons for the Growth of Direct Marketing. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.managementparadise.com/forums/principal-practice-direct-marketing/207429-basic-reasons-growth-direct-marketing.html [Accessed 23 Aug. 2015]. Belch, G. and Belch, M. (2009).Advertising and promotion. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Hackley, C. (2010).Advertising and promotion. Los Angeles: SAGE. Schultz, D. and Kitchen, P. (2000).Communicating globally. Lincolnwood, Chicago, Ill.: NTC Business Books.

University of Chicago free essay sample

Each year, University of Chicago hosts a hunt; a one-of-a-kind only competition that asks college students to find over three hundred items in little more than half of a week. Although most schools make analogous demands on a day-by-day basis, University of Chicago’s stands out in that its list is not an index of textbooks. Its list is not a rubric. Its list is the â€Å"Scav Hunt.† As part of the hunt, U of C asks students scour the streets for a list of notoriously arbitrary items. Most recently, it has called for both sentient and slain bodily organs (#8 and #267, respectively); a forthcoming monarch (#66), and cowboy attire that is both vegan and vagabond friendly (#77). Just as U of C asks its students and faculty to push beyond the boundaries of intellectual impossibility, the competition asks teams to find the impossible—and just as Enrico Fermi’s ambitions fashioned the first artificial nuclear reaction, students return to campus in cars brimming with umbilical cords, elephants, and bee beards. We will write a custom essay sample on University of Chicago or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their zeal inspired me to embark upon a quest of my own; an enumerated prowl for the most unpredictable albeit paramount of undergraduate attributes. This is what I came up with. 1. ______ Campus architecture that resembles Hogwarts. [20 points, +5 points for dining arrangements reminiscent of the Great Hall’s, +10 points for a credible ‘house’ system] 2. ______ A curricular intersection of my intellectual inclinations and interdisciplinary intrigue. [100 points, +200 points for the birthplace of a completely new school of economic thought, +100 points for a top-tier law school with introductory courses open to undergraduates] 3. ______ A legacy; perhaps Freakonomics, Obama, and Ashcroft? [10 points] 4. ______ A student ID that doubles as a free admission pass to two of my favorite museums, The Art Institute of Chicago and Chicago’s Contemporary Museum of Art. [10 points] 5. ______ Weekly milkshake discounts. [5 points] 6. ______ A ‘core’ curriculum that does not make laughter painful. [25 points] 7. ______ A stimulating community of individuals committed to maximizing their impact upon society [30 points, +1 point for each approachable hipster intellectual] 8. ______ A mutual coexistence of professors and undergraduate seminars that doesn’t end with a photo session. [25 points] 9. ______ A picturesque synthesis of my favorite city’s scenic wonder; an emblem to the real-world relevance of exhaustive instruction. [20 points] 10. _____ Mock Trial, Student Government, and Students for a Democratic Society. [10 points] Although I have kept the University of Chicago at the back of my mind since the seventh grade, it wasn’t until this summer that the college became my top choice. As I began to pursue an overwhelming assortment of college guidebooks, I discovered a shocking disparity. Despite all that each institution claimed to offer, none but U of C could offer me what I wanted in a college—concentration; a challenging core; a clever community. None but U of C could bring me that intellectual and interactional fulfillment that I have always longed for. None could even offer me the opportunity to write this—an essay based wholly off of a whimsical scavenger hunt.

5 Ways to Expand into a New Market

5 Ways to Expand into a New Market As the marketplace becomes saturated with new freelance writers every day, you must stay competitive. Often, this means pursuing opportunities in a new market. Whether you are diversifying to meet financial goals, or out of curiosity, here are 5 ways to expand into a new market: 1.   Write From Personal Experience Are you a technology lover? Have you had personal experience with substance abuse? Ever been pregnant? Just because you do not have formal training or professional experience does not mean that you cannot write authoritatively on a subject. Client ads will often specify whether they want you to be a credentialed expert, or just be well versed in a subject. Start 2.   Write For Sites You Like One of my first clients was secured after I sent an e-mail expressing my love for their website. If you take pleasure in reading articles on a site, you are bound to enjoy writing articles for the site as well. Excelling at the task will be easier because you represent the target market and you are familiar with the preferred writing style. A complimentary e-mail to the editor explaining why you like the site and why you want to become a contributor is worth the effort and may land you the gig. 3.   Volunteer Consider writing for free if it will help establish you as an authority and bring future opportunities. Weeks after I opted to contribute to a website without pay, I had my first syndicated article on Huffington Post. The site formed a partnership with Huffington Post shortly after I joined as a contributing writer. The exposure led to more traffic on my website and new writing opportunities. Before you consider writing for free, I suggest taking the following steps: 1. Review the sites content: Read its articles, editor’s

The Important Key Principles for Developing Reading Skills Essay - 1

The Important Key Principles for Developing Reading Skills - Essay Example A number of methods and techniques that demonstrate the implementation of these theoretical perspectives in the classroom are also articulated, including methods for specific class environments. Contemporary research into foreign language reading instruction notes that teaching models are greatly varied. Teaching models in first language reading have served foundationally as models in teaching second-language reading. Stahl and Hayes (1997) have discussed the ways that academic models influence and help shape approaches that teacher’s adept in the classroom. The types of models also change with practitioners’ age and experience.The main concern is that the difference between first language reading teaching and second language reading teaching is that the students have already developed first language reading skills that are influencing the second-language reading process. The different orthographies of the first-language also affect the second-language reading ability a nd researchers argue that this must be taken into consideration when developing lesson plans. Second language reading theory dates back to the inception of psychology as a formal discipline with cognitive theorists such as William Wundt. This research focused mainly on investigating perceptual issues. Beginning in the 1880s researchers fore-grounded the foundations of what came to represent the predominant focus of studies for the next century. In 1908 Huey published Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading which shifted focus in a more behaviorist slant until the 1960s. With Syntactic Structures and further attacks on behaviorist processes, academic attention shifted back to perceptual issues, with researchers investigating reading speed and eye focus. Notably, it was around this time that reading comprehension became a major issue for teachers. Today there are a number of key principles that are crucial to teaching reading in the foreign language classroom.  

The Name Of The Rose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Name Of The Rose - Essay Example The chief suspect for these deaths, William asserts, is the library assistant Berenger.   But there is more to the mystery than the series of deaths, for further probes inside the library unravel great hidden secrets that could embarrass and topple Christian authority over the masses.   The intrigue and the suspense intensify as further evidence and events unfold, leading to a gripping climax and ending.   The books in the library are the special significance to the plot and substance of the movie.   It is suggested by William early in his investigation that notes and translation to the Greek version of a book are found on the desk of Venantius.   And later during the investigations of the library, he discovers invaluable collections of ancient wisdom, including such Greek luminaries as Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, etc.   The Abbott and the institution of Church would not be pleased upon learning of this discovery, for this ancient wisdom is more sophisticated than what is found in the Holy Bible. More importantly, that such wisdom could emanate from Pagan worshippers such as the ancient Greeks would undermine the authority of Christian theologians in Medieval Europe.   Considering all these potential threats to their power and privilege, the presence of these books in the hidden library has been kept a tightly held secret.   And attempts to crack open its access points are w hat sets up the central plot of the story.   Hence, the books and the secret library containing them are central to the narrative. The message to be gathered from this story is rather discouraging.   Authority figures usually tend to act brutally and ruthlessly in suppressing dissenting voices and views.

The Influence Of Cultural Difference On Trademark Translation Cultural Studies Essay

The Influence Of Cultural Difference On Trademark Translation Cultural Studies Essay As a product of the development of the world market economy, trademark has been well regarded as a key element in the success of the advertising of an enterprise. Trademark is closely related to the sales and reputation of businesses and it has long been proved by history that a successful trademark would always facilitate the success of a business. As for trademark, it may have the following functions. Firstly, the trademark performs the role of identifying the goods of a particular manufacturer and gives an indication of its origin, or establishes a connection in the course of trade. Secondly, trademark assures quality of the product and acts as a symbol representing the goodwill of the business.(wikipedia, 2011) Also a trademark advertises the product and creates an image in the mind of the ultimate purchaser. Therefore, the naming of trademark has developed into an important strategy in winning the market for businesses all around the world. Since Chinas accession into the WTO in 2000, it is becoming increasingly involved in the world market economy and is faced with more chances as well as challenges ever in history. Furthermore, with the rapid development of global economy integration, more and more foreign commodities have been rushing into Chinas domestic market, posing even fiercer competitions in terms of not only quality and service of commodities but also trademarks. All these have suggested that the study on the translation of trademark is of great importance. Over the past several decades, with the rapid development of the world economy, numerous new-born industries have sprung up all around the world. This has consequently made the trademark one of the fastest and most dramatically developing advertising texts which influence peoples life in various ways and which, as the economy further develops, would exert even more influences on the world. However, being inconsistent with the rapid development of trademark terms, trademark translation, which is becoming increasingly important internationally due to the dramatic development of economic globalization, is still in its infancy stage with only few articles or monographs on trademark translation available in domestic study. Good news is that trademark translation as a whole has been receiving increasing attention from advertisers, marketers as well as scholars, though none of their studies exclusively specialize in trademark translation. As a matter of fact, trademark translation is regard ed as part of advertising translation and studies on trademark translation have been included in some of the studies on advertising translation. Therefore, the development of advertising translation could to some extent, shed some light on the evolution of trademark translation. In 1972, the term of advertising translation made its virgin appearance among the people in Hurbins article Peut-on Traduire la Langue de la Publicite-Can You Translate the Language of Advertising. Hurbin states in the article the importance of the study on advertising translation and demonstrated the way advertising materials such as brand names, slogans and trademarks are expressed in different languages. (Hurbin 24-32) Vestergaard and Schraders The language of Advertising in 1985 illustrates the range of linguistic and visual techniques advertisers use to achieve emphasis and special effects. They reveal the ways in which the advertiser preys on beliefs about sex roles and prejudices about social groups which bring the previous studies to a discourse level. In 1995, Candace Seguinot, in her article of Translation and Advertising: Going Global in Cultural Functions of Translation, discusses translation advertising from a cultural and semiotic perspective, saying that the marketing of goods and services across cultural boundaries involves an understanding of culture and semiotics that goes well beyond both language and design(Seguinot,1995:55-72), which indicates the importance of cultural elements in translating both ads and trademarks. After that, with the emergence of the ever fast-developing international trade and economic globalization, studies on advertising translation have increased in number. 1997, Smith V. and C.Klein-Braley published a paper Advertisinga Five-stage Strategy for Translation in which they concluded the approaches to the problem of translating advertisements into five categories, and some of them such as Straight translation, Adaptation(keep visuals, change text slightly or significantly) and Revision(keep visuals, write new text) are regarded as quite applicable to trademark translation. And in line with the economic globalization, Mathieu Guidere wrote a book named Translating Ads in 2000 which is considered to be the only book exclusively specializing in advertising translation. In his book, Mathieu aims at describing advertising translation in the context of globalization and deals with the advertising of multinational corporations which are in need of translating their slogans, communication campaigns and trademarks into several other languages. Mathieu also proposed the translation be effective in a purpose to promote the sales of the product or service in the target culture. ( Guidere 89) In China, the study on advertising and trademark translation did not begin until the 1980s for China has just been going to the international economy for about 30 years. During that period of time, most of these studies were done from the lexical, syntactical or rhetorical perspectives. And it was in the 1990s that several advertising and trademark translation principles came to take their initial shape. Among these, various new perspectives such as religious, aesthetic and psychological perspectives were added to the principles of ads and trademark translation. According to domestic data available, Zhao Jian-cheng and Yu Liu-guo (1993) applied the theory of textual function in their study of advertising translation. And later, Huang Guowens book Theory and Practice of Discourse AnalysisA Study in Advertising Discourse (2001), made a detailed study of English advertisement from the perspective of Systemic-Functional Linguistics. (Huang 75) The book of Advertising Linguistic: A Course Book (2009) by Cao Wei and Gao Jun is yet another example of an overall study on advertising and trademark translation from lexical, syntactical and rhetorical perspectives. In recent years, pragmatics has emerged as another approach toward advertising and trademark translation. Apart from this, there are also experts who suggest advertising and trademark translation be done under mere consideration of the cultural and ideological differences between different audiences while literal honesty to the original texts should be discarded when addressing oversea audiences. 2.2. Problems in Previous Researches However, despite the increasing researches and studies on advertising and trademark translation, some problems remain unsolved. Trademark is one of the most important means of advertising products because it performs the role of identifying the goods of a particular manufacturer and makes the first impression of the goods on consumers, which would create an image of goodwill in the mind of the ultimate purchaser. Thus, trademark translation becomes a very important task in introducing products to overseas markets in different cultures. Nowadays, the situation is becoming even more urgent under the circumstances of the deepening economic globalization which has made international trade across different cultures a common place. Regrettably, although great achievement of the study of trademark translation has been made, there are still some problems remain unsolved. Firstly, most studies done in this field is based on the manifestation of specific examples of trademark translation witho ut a series of systematic and scientific theories. There are a lot of good examples of trademark translation but there is never a systematic and scientific theory by which researchers can follow. Some of the traditional theories, in most cases, may lead to misunderstandings resulting from undue adherence to the source text and inadequate consideration of cultural differences. Secondly, the previous studies of the translation of trademark-a symbol of the rapid changes in modern society-has lost its charm of vigor due to the lack of fresh materials with repeatedly quoted examples and single minded perspective: Coca-cola which is translated as à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‚  and Benz as à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ °, etc. Finally, the studies of trademark translation are mostly done in forms of papers or essays with few systematic and scientific monographs or books specializing in the study on this subject. 2.3. The Importance of the Study As has mentioned above, trademark is a product of the development of the world market economy and it has been well regarded as a key element in the success of the advertising of an enterprise. Trademark is closely related to the sales and reputation of businesses and it has long been proved by history that a successful trademark would always facilitate the success of a business. A trademark is embodied with rich cultural content. The cultural differences between different nations play a major role in understanding advertising and advertising or trademark translation, for cultural differences have their manifestation in social conventions, consumers psychology, religion and aesthetics, all of which have a dramatic influence on peoples life. Some scholars has concluded that trademark translation is not just a simple transfer of one language to another, but a blending and collision between different cultures, thus, making trademark translation more of a cultural translation. Therefore, the study on trademark translation from a cultural aspect is indeed very necessary and important. 2.4. Theory Applied in the Study To analyze the influence of cultural difference on trademark translation, the Adaptation Theory from Verschueren is adopted by the author for it provides a more comprehensive perspective from social, cultural and cognitive aspects for the research on trademark translation. The theory of adaptation is advanced by Verschueren in his book of Understanding Pragmatics, 1999. The theory originates from the basic principle of adaptation for species in wild life-in order to survive the bitter wild environment, biological species have to constantly make adaptations to the changing environment. In Verschueren eyes, the same holds true for the language communication-language using is a process of adaptation in which communicators making negotiable linguistic choices from a variable range of possibilities in such as way so as to approach points of satisfaction for communicative need (Versehueren, 1999:61). He then thoroughly examined the social progress of communicating and included the social, cultural and cognitive aspects in his theory from the perspective of pragmatics. However, previous approaches of trademark translation lay emphasis on the result of trademark translation while neglecting translating process. Therefore, the research on trademark translation under the framework of adaptation theory is almost a virgin area. In this regard, the author of this paper, enlightened by the findings of the Theory of Adaptation, considers it to be the best theory for trademark translation from the perspective of cultural difference. Under the Adaptation Theory, Verschueren maintains that the language consists of three properties, namely, adaptability, variability and negotiability which is quite in line with trademark translation, for trademark is changing and spreading rapidly across different cultures nowadays and the variability provides different choices for translation, negotiability explains how choices are made for different cultures and the adaptability interprets why choices are made. Also, the research scope of Verschueren covers social, cultural and cognitive aspects which are similar to the basic elements of cultural difference with social to social conventions and cognitive to psychology. 3. Understanding of Trademark 3.1. Definition of Trademark The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English defines a trademark as a special name, sign, or word that is marked on a product to show that it is made by a particular company, that cannot be used by any other company(HarrisLevey, 1975). And according to the definition of trademark from en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trademark, a trademark is a word, symbol, or phrase used to identify a particular companys product and differentiate it from other companies products.(Wikipedia, 2011) Mostly, a trademark is composed of a whole picture and one or a few words. For instance the trademark of, which consists the word BMW and the whole picture of . Some may feel confused about such term as trademark, trade name and brand name. These three terms do not only share a large number of similarities but also great differences that lie mainly in four aspects: firstly, according to the definition of trade name in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English a trademark is different from a trade name in that the precious one is used to identify a particular companys product while the latter is used to identify a particular manufacturer or company engaged in production(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 2004). Therefore, a trademark can be used individually while a trade name cannot. The difference between a trademark and a brand name mainly lies in that a brand name has a larger scope than that of a trademark or in other words, a trademark may be part of a brand name while a brand name is not. 3.2. Functions of Trademark An successful translation of a trademark from one culture to another is very important for the marketing and development of a enterprise because of the following functions a trademark may have. Informative function: As a special means of advertising, trademark contains a lot of information about products. A trademark is just like a bridge which conveys the most distinctive features of a product directly to customers. For instance, the translation of the trademark Rejoice to à ©Ã‚ £Ã‹Å"à ¦Ã… ¸Ã¢â‚¬ (shampoo) implies part of its function which is smoothing your hair. Excelle(car) originating from excellent gives an impression of superb quality and in the case of Fairlady(shoes for femal), it serves as a bridge that combines its product and the target customer which in this case refers to women. In this way, customers would find it easier to find what they want and companies easier to market their product. Aesthetic function: the creating of a trademark is an art that integrated the creating of graphic beauty, phonetic beauty and semantic beauty rather than just a work of choosing words, for creating a readable, easily memorizing and attention attracting trademark is one of the most important aspects in the advertising and publicizing of a product. A successful example in the realization of aesthetic functions of a trademark would not only provide sufficient information but also possess a sense of beauty, easy to memorize and would finally arouse customers deaire to buy the product. Persuasive function: as one kind of advertising text, the ultimate goal of a trademark is to persuade customers to buy its product. Therefore, a trademark text should not only provide enough information about the product but also be psychological appealing. For example, the word à ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ©(aotomobile) in China means auspicious and good luck. It arouses customers purchasing desire by appealing to their psychological needs. Due to the difference of development in history, different value concepts have been developed into the society. The difference between values may have its manifestation in many aspects such as aesthetic concepts, different views on beauty and so on. Western trademarks have a preference on naming trademarks after names-names of the founders or celebrities-for their worship for individualism is embedded in their values and they lay much emphasis on special, independence, or self-reliance. On the other hand, Chinese trademarks are always named after flowers or animals or other substance in nature, for the Chinese values are greatly influenced by its traditional philosophies of Confucianism, Taoism and so on. They lay much emphasis on the harmony of nature and the balance between human society and nature. Therefore, their admiration for the nature and the substance in of nature is also embedded in their value concepts. The psychological differences between China and western countries mainly refers to their difference between philosophy, science, religion, art and other concepts. Formed through their work and development generation after generation, the psychology of a nation is an integral part of a culture. It reflects peoples views on certain things such as their preference or prejudice toward certain things, taboos and so on. For instance, the number 13 is considered to be a serious taboo in the west while in China it indicates nothing else but the figure 13. Customers have a tendency to lay their confidence in those commodities whose trademarks contain positive meaning rather than those with negative meaning. Therefore, in the case of figure 13, translators should spare no effort to transliterate the negative meaning of 13 for the target customer. Customs and social conventions together is regarded as an overt expression of the social culture of a nation. It reflects a cultures unique way of life which makes up the major aspect of a society. The difference between what Chinese people and people from the west will say in their greetings serves as a good example: Chinese people usually express their greetings by asking if he/she has had his/her meal or not when he/she encounters an acquaintance accidentally, while this is considered to be very misleading in the west for people would take it seriously that you want invite him/her to have a meal with you. Customs and social conventions is also a important element which may have a great influence on customers purchasing activities. A trademark translation which is appealing to the customs and social conventions will very likely win the target customers trust and thus arouse their desire to purchase. Cultural values actually contains a so large range of contents that in some cases other cultural elements such as psychology and customs could all be included in it. Indeed, many people believe that value concept is one of the most influential factors that influence customer behaviour. Value is considered to be so important because it is a series of principles and criteria learned throughout peoples life which tell people what to do, what to pursue, whats right and wrong, whats required and whats forbidden. It permeates a culture and exerts tremendous influences on every part of life. An understanding of value may help us understand the behaviour of other people and thus resolve many problems and conflicts. This is also very helpful in the translation of trademarks and the promotion of sales. For example, Americans hold different value concepts toward politeness from those of Chinese. They consider the punctuality of time a more important part of being politeness than Chinese people do. By knowing this, when Chinese businessmen are doing business in America, they may pay more attention to puncutality so as to leave a good impression on their American counterparts. However, an understanding of value is just not enough in the case of trademark translation. Value is associated with things such as ethics, morals, religions and attitude toward life which are so deeply embedded in one culture that it can be transmitted from one generation to another without any tremendous change. Therefore, when trademarks are to be translated into the target culture, the cultural contents should be adapted so as to conform to the values of the target market and promote sales consequently. Different countries have different customs and social conventions which would exert tremendous influence on what product are to be manufactured, how they are manufactured, by whom will these product be purchased and in what way will these product be consumed. These information are all very important to trademark translation, for something which is very necessary and appropriate in one country may turn out to be redundant and ridiculous and fail to attract peoples attention in another. China and western countries have developed a series of different customs and social conventions such as different political systems, different festivals, different ways of greeting, different views toward animals and different aesthetic concepts. When a trademark is to be marketed in another country, it must be adapted to the target social conventions and customs. Chinese and English are very different from each other in all aspects. They have developed different idioms or phrases. There is a classic example of how different idioms and phrases can effect ones sales. à §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ¡ is a famous trademark for battery, it carries a meaning of purity(à §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ½) and strenth(à ¨Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ¡). However, the word à §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ¡ which means a white elephant in English has a different implication in western countries. In the west, a white elephant is a conventional phrase which refers to something useless or necessary. Therefore, the trademark of à §Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ¡ can never be translated directly into white elephant. A better option is that is can be translated into brown lion which carries an implication of strength and power. It is known to us all that westerners have a opener character toward many things such as love than Chinese people do. Consequently, west trademarks are also more open and direct in expressing such things. For example, Kiss Me is considered to be a appropriate trademark for cosmetic, for it directly expresses womens pursuit and wish for love, thus arouses womens sympathetic responses in their inner hearts. However, Chinese people tend to have a more conservative and traditional concept toward such things as love and so on. In order to conform to the target customers psychological custom, the trademark should not be translated into à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. Instead, it is translated as à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ «Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¾Ã… ½ which implies the beauty(à §Ã‚ ¾Ã… ½) of women. In Chinese history, à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·is a very honourable person for he is the one who first invented wine, a kind of drink which has become part of Chinese peoples life in history. Therefore, he is honored as the god of wine by Chinese people and there is also a trademark for wine named after him. However, when à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·was introduced into the west, it was translated into Chinese pingying Dukang which failed to convey its traditional meaning to customers in the west. As a matter of fact, though China and western countries have different tales and traditions, there do exist an western version Chinese à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ·, namely, Bacchus who is the god of wine and fertility in Roman mythology. In this way, the trademark of Bacchus can bring about associations with wine and alcohol for westerners. Beside all these mentioned above, there are still many differences in customs and social conventions which marketers should pay special attention to in trademark translation. For instance, the unit China and western countries use to measure the same thing may be well different from each other. Chinese people usually use such unit as cm, m, kilometer, kilogram etc. While most western countries prefer to use such unit as foot, inch, pound, oz. Such differences in social conventions sometimes may cause difficulty in understanding and thus affect promotion in sales. Therefore, in some cases, such units should be replaced by those that are familiar to the target customers. However, all these differences talked above are interrelated and no one can be replaced by one another. They are integrated as a whole and exert an joint influence rather than respective ones on trademark translation. Therefore, in the process of translating trademarks, marketers should take all these cultural aspects into consideration so as to work out a version that conforms to the target culture to the largest extent possible.

Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare

Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann's Romeo and Juliet Sex, drugs, and violence are usually a potent combination, and only William Shakespeare could develop them into a masterful, poetic, and elegant story. In the play, "The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet," all these aspects of teenage life absorb the reader or watcher. It is understood that Hollywood would try to imitate this masterpiece on screen, and it has done so in two films: Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 "Romeo and Juliet" and Baz Luhrmann's 1996 "William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." The updated Luhrmann picture best captures the essence of Shakespeare for the present-day viewer. Through the ingenious use of modernization and location, while preserving Shakespearean language, the spirit of Shakespeare emerges to captivate a large audience. Shakespeare's plays were designed to adapt to any audience: with this in mind, Baz Luhrmann created a film that applies to the modern audience through this updating. Luhrmann modernizes "Romeo and Juliet," through constant alterations of the props, which entice the audience into genuinely feeling the spirit of Shakespeare. First, the movie starts with an prologue masked as a news broadcast on television. This sets the scene of the play by illustrating the violence occurring between the two wealthy families, the Montagues and the Capulets. In Zeffirelli's film of "Romeo and Juliet," the prologue takes the form of a dry narrator relating the story of the Montagues and Capulets over a backdrop of an Italian city. For most modern viewers (especially teenagers), the Luhrmann picture is fast-paced, keeping the spectator intrigued, while the Zeffirelli picture is dreary and dull, an endless maze of long and boring conversations, foreshadowed by the prologue. In Luhrmann's film, the actors, instead of carrying swords with them, hide guns in their shirts and wield them expertly. The death of Romeo and Juliet is (as always) blamed on the post office, for not delivering the letter properly. And, to be politically correct, Mercutio appears at the Capulets' ball dressed as a large woman. The actors in Zeffirelli's version of Shakespeare wear colored tights and bulging blouses; thus they appear more comical because they are outdated. By modernizing these aspects of the play, and reconstructing the prologue, Luhrmann creates a movie

Cricket a Threat to Other Games

Is Cricket’s massive appeal in India at the cost of other sports? ‘Cricket is a religion in  India’- a powerful statement that would bring a smile on all cricket lovers in India. However, rarely expressed is the other side of the coin – an issue of one man’s extreme popularity killing the very identity and existence of all other players in the mix. No Doubt that the game’s popularity has brought glory to millions of fans residing in India and worldwide, has instilled a sense of pride even in non-cricket-following Indian audiences†¦whenever the country has won, it  has brought laurels to the nation, elation to Indian people from all age groups-  be it a tiny toddler who craves for sixes from Sachin and Sehwag’s bat and or the keen cricket follower who deeply understands the nuisances of the game and gets elated whenever the little master,   Sachin crosses yet another milestone. But these cricket-savvy arguments rarely bring to light the other dark picture†¦ While cricket’s popularity has increased in India at a exponential rate, the fortunes of the other games has fallen to new lows. Hockey –our national game , in which India was considered a super-power has degraded so quickly that team India had failed   to even qualify for the  Olympics-the international sporting event in which India won medals in its golden era of hockey. It’s a pity that many international games like Motor-racing, Formula 1 races, golf, tennis, Athletics, gymnastics, swimming etc. on’t even find an Indian representation†¦. But the key question is? Is cricket responsible for this†¦The arguments are endless both in favor and against this argument. The supporters will say that all games have their separate, non-intersection identities, interests, fan-following and popularity scales†¦how come we attribute other sport’s losses on cr icket’s gains†¦ The critics will respond by equally strong arguments-if all the financial aids, funds, sponsors will be consumed by the ‘cricket’ giant ,wont the other games be starved of existence†¦ The conclusion is not easy to draw and one possible solution is to focus on aggressive advertisement of other sports, by roping in   government aids,   big corporate sponsors, the  media  and broadcasting people, the games’ iconic players as ambassadors etc†¦ Maybe someday we can produce our own version of   a Michael Schumacher or a Roger Federer†¦but for now cricket remains the undisputed king of Indian sports!! View point 2: Cricket dates back to 1721 in its trace in India, where it is more than a religion today. Being called a gentlemen game, it attracts millions of people all over the world. The popularity it pulls in the public made it a crazy game dominating any other game in India. Neither any game sustains nor collects popularity or spins the money as the cricket does. Because of this popularity other sports are ignored in our country that is about to extinct due to lack of proper encouragement from public and government. This dominance of cricket makes other games to feel low and the sportsmanship suffered inferiority complex in other areas. Arguments towards cricket We can’t blame one game for the fall of other game as there is nothing in game; everything is in the mind of people who enjoy the game. Cricket being craziest game is definitely a stylish and gentlemen game which at any cost shouldn’t be tagged with a line, â€Å"cricket is a curse for other games† which is more than religion in our country. Indian cricket has a history of holding many records often which are not easy even for the founders of the game. Though it is a lucrative game, it doesn’t mean there ends the professionalism. It is played at its standards and always allured millions of people across the world not only shaping the careers of youth but also earning them prestigious awards and rewards from the game and through endorsement. Popularity that cricket has is due to the influence which has been made by great cricketers like Kapil Dev, Ravi Shastri, Sunil Gavaskar, Sachin Tendulkar and many legendary performers. It is also the most favourite time pass for Indian youth and helps the nation to achieve integrity. Sponsors through advertisement help in boosting the economy and provide good business opportunities. Coaching centres and sports shops are established for cricket which helps them as a form of self employment. Arguments against cricket Cricket is posing threat to other games in India due it its mass popularity and makes the other sportsman suffer for their contributions. Government never supports such activities; and even if it supports will surely undermine the capacity by withdrawing the facilities provided for other sports. Cricket is a game of money, and nothing like professionalism exists in it. Youth pursue this game as profession for fame and money and the popularity it has among the mass. Players never show much attention once they are placed in national team. They will try to make fortune from the sponsors and other facilities provided. Betting is other area from which cricketers get easy money without playing game and has been in news for many matches which now brought the public to which match should be believed whether it is not fixed or fixed. Media hypes the game undermining the potential of other games and politicians do interfere to get their piece of cake in the dirty money making business. No professionalism, no sincerity. Money is the only purpose around which the game revolves.

Importance of Early American Women Writers Essay - 2207 Words

What could be said to early American womens writers except, thank you? The first American womens writers opened doors and laid the foundation for future womens writers and readers. Todays women raise children, supervise households, and work outside the home with every modern convenience available, and as you would expect do not find the time to write, except for a grocery list. Early American women raised children and supervised households without the modern conveniences of today and in some way made time to write the first poetry of the New World. For example, Everette Emerson gives a picture of Anne Bradstreet a housewife who stole hours from sleep for writing gave women American writers their start (4). Different styles of†¦show more content†¦Bradstreet poetry was considered plain style. She offered the reader a look into the private world, her world. Upon Burning in Our House was a simple style poem about the truth put into simple words, as were all of Bradstreets poems . Bradstreet tells about faith in God and belongings lost in the poem. Bradstreet addressed her husband, children, God, and community in her poems. Her maternal instinct and dedication were present in her writing. In the poem, The Author to Her Book, Bradstreet compares the poem itself to a child, her child: Thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain, Who after birth didst by my side remain, Till snatched from thence by friends, less wise than true, Who thee abroad, exposed to public view, Made thee in rags, halting to th press to trudge, These errors were not lessened (all may judge). At thy return my blushing was not small, my rambling brat in (in print) should mother call, I cast thee by as one unfit for light, My visage was so irksome in my sight; Yet being mine own, at length affection would thy blemishes amend, if so I could: I washed thy face, but defects I saw, And rubbing off a spot, still made a flaw...(Meridian 33.1-14) Bradstreet wanted her poetry to remain private. 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